Effect of Post-exercise Nutrition on Glycemia in Women

Overview

The purpose of this study is to assess whether post-exercise Greek yogurt following a single session of aerobic exercise improves metabolic and musculoskeletal health in women with overweight/obesity.

Full Title of Study: “Influence of Post-exercise Greek Yogurt on 24 h Glycemic Control in Women With Overweight/Obesity”

Study Type

  • Study Type: Interventional
  • Study Design
    • Allocation: Randomized
    • Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
    • Primary Purpose: Treatment
    • Masking: Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
  • Study Primary Completion Date: April 1, 2024

Detailed Description

Following the acquisition of informed consent, eligibility to participate in the study will be determined using questionnaires. Participants will undergo baseline testing at our laboratory at the University of Toronto to determine cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and undergo exercise familiarization. Eligible participants will be assigned, in a random order, to two metabolic trials approximately 4 weeks apart that involve 4 days of controlled diet and exercise. Each trial takes place over 4 days, but participants are not required to come to the laboratory on all days. The two trials involve: 1) Exercise + Greek Yogurt (GY) 2) Exercise + a carbohydrate-based study supplement (SS). During the 4 day trials, participants consume controlled diets and the study supplements (GY and SS). On 1 of these days participants will perform exercise in our lab followed by the consumption of GY or SS. Various outcomes will be measured throughout the trial, including glycemic control (via continuous glucose monitoring), fat oxidation, appetite and health outcomes in blood samples. Throughout the duration of the study, participants will be asked to maintain their habitual diet and physical activity patterns, and maintain their current body weight.

Interventions

  • Behavioral: Greek yogurt
    • Following 2 days of controlled diet, participants will consume greek yogurt following high-intensity interval exercise
  • Behavioral: Carbohydrate-based study supplement
    • Following 2 days of controlled diet, participants will consume a carbohydrate-based study supplement following high-intensity interval exercise
  • Behavioral: Exercise
    • Following 2 days of controlled diet, participants will perform high-intensity interval exercise following an overnight fast

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

  • Experimental: High-intensity interval exercise and post-exercise Greek yogurt (HIIE+GY)
    • Participants will consume greek yogurt following a single session of exercise
  • Active Comparator: High-intensity interval exercise and post-exercise carbohydrate study supplement (HIIE +SS)
    • Participants will consume a carbohydrate-based study supplement following a single session of exercise

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

  • Postprandial glycemia
    • Time Frame: 24 hour post-exercise
    • Postprandial glucose exposure assessed using continuous glucose monitoring

Secondary Measures

  • 24 hours average glucose
    • Time Frame: 24 hours post-exercise
    • Average glucose concentration over 24 hours
  • Nocturnal glucose
    • Time Frame: 6-8 hours
    • Overnight glucose concentration
  • Nocturnal glucose
    • Time Frame: 6-8 hours
    • Overnight glucose exposure (area under the curve)
  • Glycemic variability
    • Time Frame: 24 hours
    • Continuous overall net glycemic action (CONGA)
  • Glycemic variability
    • Time Frame: 24 hours
    • Standard deviation (SD)
  • Glycemic variability
    • Time Frame: 24 hours
    • Coefficient of variation (%CV)
  • Post-exercise fat oxidation
    • Time Frame: 1, 2 and 3 hours post-exercise
    • Fat oxidation assessed with indirect calorimetry
  • Fasting glucose concentration
    • Time Frame: 24 hours post-exercise
    • Venous blood sampling
  • Fasting insulin concentration
    • Time Frame: 24 hours post-exercise
    • Venous blood sampling
  • Fasting insulin resistance
    • Time Frame: 24 hours post-exercise
    • Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2)
  • Bone metabolism
    • Time Frame: 30, 90, and 180 minutes and 24 hours post-exercise
    • Serum concentration of CTX
  • Bone metabolism
    • Time Frame: 30, 90, and 180 minutes and 24 hours post-exercise
    • Serum concentration of OPG
  • Bone metabolism
    • Time Frame: 30, 90, and 180 minutes and 24 hours post-exercise
    • Serum concentration of RANKL
  • Bone metabolism
    • Time Frame: 30, 90, and 180 minutes and 24 hours post-exercise
    • Serum concentration of OC

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

  • 18-45 yrs – BMI ≥27 kg/m2 – Elevated waist circumference (≥88 cm) – ≤2 structured exercise sessions/week – Weight stable (within ± 2kg for at least 6 months) – Experiencing regular natural menstrual cycles – Non-smoker Exclusion Criteria:

  • Allergy to dairy foods – Diagnosed lactose intolerance or an aversion to foods provided during the study (e.g., post-exercise snacks) – Previous history of cardiovascular or metabolic disease – The use of medication for managing blood glucose or lipid metabolism – Current use of oral contraceptives or use within the last 3 months – Irregular menstrual cycles (<21 days or >35 days) – Pregnant or lactating – Recreational tobacco or cannabis use – Inability to perform the study exercise protocols – Actively engaging in a low-carbohydrate diet (e.g., ketogenic, Atkins).

Gender Eligibility: Female

Minimum Age: 18 Years

Maximum Age: 45 Years

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Investigator Details

  • Lead Sponsor
    • University of Toronto
  • Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
    • Principal Investigator: Jenna Gillen, Assistant Professor – University of Toronto
  • Overall Official(s)
    • Jenna Gillen, PhD, Principal Investigator, University of Toronto
  • Overall Contact(s)
    • Jenna Gillen, PhD, 14169783244, jenna.gillen@utoronto.ca

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