Effect of Preoperative Steroid in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Overview

Detect the effect of preoperative steroid injection in total knee arthroplasty on post operative: 1. pain 2. oedema 3. nausea and vomiting 4. quadriceps power 5. knee flexion 6. wound complications

Full Title of Study: “The Effect of Preoperative Steroids Injection on Pain and Oedema After Total Knee Arthroplasty . A Double -Blinded Randomized Controlled Study.”

Study Type

  • Study Type: Interventional
  • Study Design
    • Allocation: Randomized
    • Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
    • Primary Purpose: Treatment
    • Masking: Double (Participant, Care Provider)
  • Study Primary Completion Date: January 1, 2021

Detailed Description

Total knee arthroplasty has been identified as one of the most effective surgeries for knee arthritis. Many patients experience moderate to severe pain during the early postoperative period, as the surgery involves extensive bone resection and postsurgical serum levels of cytokine interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein may be elevated.Furthermore, many patients suffer postoperative nausea and vomiting after total knee arthroplasty . The inflammatory response after TKA is pronounced and a result of cumulative effects of anaesthesia and mechanical stress . Inadequate management of postoperative pain is relevant with a series of undesirable effects, including progression to a persistent pain, delayed functional recovery, increased the economic burden and patient dissatisfaction. Steroids may be associated with decreased levels of interleukin-6 and C reactive protein and may, thus, relieve the pain associated with surgery. Dexamethasone is a long-acting glucocorticoid that has been reported to inhibit peripheral phospholipase A, which decreases the pain-aggravating agents from the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways . In addition, it reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting by exerting a central antiemetic effect by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and the release of endogenous opioids[5] . Some studies also reported potential adverse events, such as infection .

Interventions

  • Drug: Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate
    • intravenous injection of one ampoule dexamethasone Sodium phosphate 2 ml 8 mg
  • Drug: Saline Solution
    • intravenous injection of one ampoule saline

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

  • Active Comparator: Dexamethasone group
    • this group will receive one ampoule Intravenous injection of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate 2 ml . 8 mg once by the anesthesiologist immediately before skin incision
  • Placebo Comparator: Placebo group
    • this group will receive one ampoule Intravenous injection of Saline once by the anesthesiologist immediately before skin incision

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

  • Postoperative pain summarized in the first 14 days
    • Time Frame: 14 days
    • postoperative pain summarized over first 14 days after surgery , assessed by a summation of Visual Analog Scale (VAS)-scores at day 1 , day 2 , day 3 and day 14 after surgery pain is monitored by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 0-100 mm, where 0 is no pain and 100 is the worst pain one can imagine Moderate pain is considered a VAS >30 mm.

Secondary Measures

  • Postoperative Thigh circumference in the first 14 days
    • Time Frame: 14 days
    • Postoperative oedema will be assessed for all participants by measuring Thigh circumference 1 cm above the upper pole of the patella postoperatively at day 1,2,3 and 14
  • postoperative nausea and vomiting in the first 14 days
    • Time Frame: 14 days
    • postoperative nausea and vomiting summarized over first 14 days after surgery , assessed by a summation of Visual Analog Scale (VAS)-scores at day 1 , day 2 , day 3 and day 14 after surgery Nausea and vomiting is monitored by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 0-100 mm, where 0 is no nausea nor vomiting and 100 is the worst nausea and vomiting one can imagine Moderate pain is considered a VAS >30 mm.
  • postoperative knee flexion in the first 14 days
    • Time Frame: 14 days
    • Knee flexion assessed over first 14 days after surgery assessed by knee range of motion measured by goniometer where straight knee joint measure 0 degree.
  • Surgical wound infection in the first 14 days
    • Time Frame: 14 days
    • wound complications like infection to be reported: redness, discharge, infection, dehiscence, delayed healing (up to 2 wks) postoperatively

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

1. Any patient scheduled for primary total knee replacement arthroplasty Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diabetic patients 2. Rheumatoid arthritis patients 3. Patients on regular steroid therapy 4. Patients refused to be enrolled in the study

Gender Eligibility: All

Minimum Age: N/A

Maximum Age: N/A

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Investigator Details

  • Lead Sponsor
    • Assiut University
  • Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
    • Principal Investigator: DNKameel, physician – Assiut University
  • Overall Official(s)
    • Hatem Bakr, asst. prof, Study Chair, Assiut University
  • Overall Contact(s)
    • David Nady, physician, +2001203649367, david011183@med.au.edu.eg

References

Xing LZ, Li L, Zhang LJ. Can intravenous steroid administration reduce postoperative pain scores following total knee arthroplasty?: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jun;96(24):e7134. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007134.

Rytter S, Stilling M, Munk S, Hansen TB. Methylprednisolone reduces pain and decreases knee swelling in the first 24 h after fast-track unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017 Jan;25(1):284-290. doi: 10.1007/s00167-014-3501-8. Epub 2015 Jan 7.

Fan Z, Ma J, Kuang M, Zhang L, Han B, Yang B, Wang Y, Ma X. The efficacy of dexamethasone reducing postoperative pain and emesis after total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2018 Apr;52:149-155. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.02.043. Epub 2018 Feb 23.

Meng J, Li L. The efficiency and safety of dexamethasone for pain control in total joint arthroplasty: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jun;96(24):e7126. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007126.

Yue C, Wei R, Liu Y. Perioperative systemic steroid for rapid recovery in total knee and hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Orthop Surg Res. 2017 Jun 27;12(1):100. doi: 10.1186/s13018-017-0601-4.

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