Endoscopic Ultrasound Determines Disease Activity in Crohn’s Disease And Ulcerative Colitis

Overview

Although Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the main subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease, they differ substantially in disease behavior, prognosis, and treatment paradigm. However, making an accurate diagnosis of Crohn's disease versus ulcerative colitis and assessing disease activity beyond the level of mucosal inflammation remain challenging with contemporary modalities. The objective of the study is to determine the novel role of endoscopic ultrasound in A) differentiating Crohn's colitis versus ulcerative colitis and B) monitoring disease activity in these patients.

Full Title of Study: “Endoscopic Ultrasound Determines Disease Activity in Crohn’s Disease And Ulcerative Colitis”

Study Type

• Study Type: Interventional
• Study Design
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
  • Masking: None (Open Label)
• Study Primary Completion Date: January 2022

Detailed Description

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two principal subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Disease behavior, prognosis, and therapy differ substantially between these two subtypes. However, up to 15% of patients may have misclassification of their IBD subtypes leading to significant delay in appropriate management and prognostication. The misclassification of CD and UC is due to limitations in contemporary modalities used to diagnose these diseases. While CD involves transmural inflammation and UC is limited to mucosal inflammation, the combination of endoscopy, histology, and cross-sectional imaging typically used to establish the diagnosis do not reliably distinguish mucosal from submucosal inflammation. Consequently, disease reclassification often occurs at the time of surgery when transmural inflammation can be determined from the surgical specimen. At that time, medical therapy has already failed. The optimal time for accurate IBD classification would be at the initial diagnosis, allowing for appropriate targeted therapy to achieve optimal disease outcomes. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) can provide detailed information about luminal wall layers. To date, the use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for colorectal disease has been limited to staging of subepithelial lesions and examining CD-related perianal complications. The ultrasound miniprobe device (UM-2/3R, Olympus) is a thin ultrasound catheter that can be passed through the colonoscope's accessory channel to perform detailed ultrasonic assessment of any colon wall segments. Prior studies have demonstrated that the submucosal layer is significant thicker in active CD compared to active UC, while active UC has thicker mucosal layer comparatively. This study tests the hypothesis that the addition of the miniprobe ultrasound catheter at the time of colonoscopy will help to differentiate active CD with colonic involvement and UC from non-IBD controls by comparing the differential thickness in the mucosal and submucosal layer among these groups of patients. Furthermore, the investigators hypothesize that the thickness of differential wall layers in CD and UC patients will correlate to clinical and endoscopic disease activity. The significance of these findings will help establish an accurate diagnosis of IBD subtypes early in the disease course and provide for a reliable method to monitor disease activity not only at the mucosal layer but also in deeper luminal wall layers.

Interventions

• Procedure: Endoscopic ultrasound catheter (UM-2R/3R, Olympus)
  • A miniprobe ultrasound catheter (UM-2R/3R, Olympus) will be passed into the colonoscope’s accessory channel at the time of colonoscopy to measure the thickness of the different colon wall layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscular propria, and total wall thickness) in the cecum and rectum.

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

• Experimental: Crohn’s Disease
  • 20 patients with Crohn’s disease with at least colonic involvement will undergo endoscopic ultrasound assessment of the thickness of wall layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, total wall) at the rectum and cecum region during their standard-of-care colonoscopy.
• Experimental: Ulcerative Colitis
  • 20 patients with ulcerative colitis will undergo endoscopic ultrasound assessment of the thickness of wall layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, total wall) at the rectum and cecum region during their standard-of-care colonoscopy.
• Experimental: Non-IBD Controls
  • 20 patients without inflammatory bowel disease (controls) will undergo endoscopic ultrasound assessment of the thickness of wall layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, total wall) at the rectum and cecum region during their standard-of-care colonoscopy.

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

• Active Crohn’s disease has significantly thicker submucosa layer compared to patients with active ulcerative colitis and non-inflammatory bowel disease controls.
  • Time Frame: Day 1
  • We are measuring the different colon wall layer thickness including the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and total wall layer (in mm) using the endoscopic ultrasound device and comparing the different levels of colon wall layer thickness between patients with active versus inactive ulcerative colitis, active versus inactive Crohn’s disease, and comparing those to controls.

Secondary Measures

• The thickness of the submucosa layer in Crohn’s disease patients correlates to the degree of disease activity as measured by the Harvey-Bradshaw clinical index and Simple Endoscopic Score index.
  • Time Frame: Day 1
  • We will correlate the thickness (in mm) of the submucosa layer in Crohn’s disease patients measured by endoscopic ultrasound to the degree of disease activity at the time of procedure as measured by the Harvey-Brashaw index and Simple Endoscopic Score (SES-CD) index.
• The thickness of the mucosa layer in ulcerative colitis patients correlates to the degree of disease activity as measured by the Mayo score index.
  • Time Frame: Day 1
  • We will correlate the thickness (in mm) of the mucosa layer in ulcerative colitis patients measured by endoscopic ultrasound to the degree of disease activity at the time of procedure as measured by the Mayo score index.

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

• Adults patients ≥ 18 years of age with CD with at least colonic involvement, UC, or non-IBD controls who have been referred for colonoscopy for clinical reasons. The clinical reasons may include colorectal cancer screening, surveillance, diagnostic for CD or UC flare, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant patients. – Patients with known current colorectal cancer, infectious colitis, diverticulitis, or microscopic colitis. – Patients who have undergone surgery involving the cecum or rectum.

Gender Eligibility: All

Minimum Age: 18 Years

Maximum Age: 80 Years

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Investigator Details

• Lead Sponsor
  • Carilion Clinic
• Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
  • Principal Investigator: Vu Nguyen, Assistant Professor of Medicine – Carilion Clinic
• Overall Official(s)
  • Vu Q Nguyen, M.D., Principal Investigator, Assistant Professor of Medicine
• Overall Contact(s)
  • Vu Q Nguyen, M.D., 5402069226, vqnguyen@carilionclinic.org

Citations Reporting on Results

Gomollon F, Dignass A, Annese V, Tilg H, Van Assche G, Lindsay JO, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Cullen GJ, Daperno M, Kucharzik T, Rieder F, Almer S, Armuzzi A, Harbord M, Langhorst J, Sans M, Chowers Y, Fiorino G, Juillerat P, Mantzaris GJ, Rizzello F, Vavricka S, Gionchetti P; ECCO. 3rd European Evidence-based Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Crohn's Disease 2016: Part 1: Diagnosis and Medical Management. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Jan;11(1):3-25. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw168. Epub 2016 Sep 22.

Magro F, Gionchetti P, Eliakim R, Ardizzone S, Armuzzi A, Barreiro-de Acosta M, Burisch J, Gecse KB, Hart AL, Hindryckx P, Langner C, Limdi JK, Pellino G, Zagorowicz E, Raine T, Harbord M, Rieder F; European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO]. Third European Evidence-based Consensus on Diagnosis and Management of Ulcerative Colitis. Part 1: Definitions, Diagnosis, Extra-intestinal Manifestations, Pregnancy, Cancer Surveillance, Surgery, and Ileo-anal Pouch Disorders. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Jun 1;11(6):649-670. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx008. No abstract available. Erratum In: J Crohns Colitis. 2022 Aug 16;:

Tontini GE, Vecchi M, Pastorelli L, Neurath MF, Neumann H. Differential diagnosis in inflammatory bowel disease colitis: state of the art and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan 7;21(1):21-46. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i1.21.

Cartana ET, Gheonea DI, Saftoiu A. Advances in endoscopic ultrasound imaging of colorectal diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Feb 7;22(5):1756-66. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i5.1756.

Ellrichmann M, Wietzke-Braun P, Dhar S, Nikolaus S, Arlt A, Bethge J, Kuehbacher T, Wintermeyer L, Balschun K, Klapper W, Schreiber S, Fritscher-Ravens A. Endoscopic ultrasound of the colon for the differentiation of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in comparison with healthy controls. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Apr;39(8):823-33. doi: 10.1111/apt.12671. Epub 2014 Feb 25.