Impact of Inulin on Production of Phenolic Acids From Tomato Onion and Lovage Soup

Overview

This is an acute human bioavailability study in self-reported healthy participants aged 20-70 years old. The investigators hypothesize that combination of polyphenolics from a soup rich in rutin and quercitin and the non-digestible carbohydrate (NDC) inulin will increase the production of phenolic acids by bacteria in the human colon and these will be detected in urine. Participants will attend for three arms in a randomized order: Tomato, onion and lovage soup (high polyphenol food), Inulin (NDC) or Mixture of tomato, onion and lovage soup and inulin. During each feeding study, urine, blood and stool samples will be collected at regular intervals for the duration of 24 hrs after consumption of test food. Participants will be asked to follow a low polyphenol diet for 2 days prior to the feeding study.

Study Type

  • Study Type: Interventional
  • Study Design
    • Allocation: Randomized
    • Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
    • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
    • Masking: None (Open Label)
  • Study Primary Completion Date: December 31, 2018

Detailed Description

Polyphenol rich plant foods have been associated with several health benefits but their bioavailability is generally low. The majority of plant polyphenols are poorly absorbed in the small intestine and enter the colon where the colonic microbiota metabolise them to release a range of phenolic acids, which are now thought to be the main bioactive components related to the reduction in disease risk. Very little is known about the impact of other constituents of the diet on the metabolism and bacterial catabolism of these polyphenols. Colonic bacteria are key agents in the release of the bioactive molecules from polyphenols but also ferment non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) such as inulin to short chain fatty acids. It is likely that there are key interactions in the colonic bacterial metabolism of NDC and phenolics. The investigators hypothesize that combination of polyphenolics (in onions, tomatoes and lovage) with inulin (NDC) will increase the urinary output of bioactive phenolic acids.

Interventions

  • Dietary Supplement: Tomato, onion & lovage soup with inulin
    • Source of polyphenols and non digestible carbohydrate
  • Dietary Supplement: Tomato, onion & lovage soup
    • Source of polyphenols
  • Dietary Supplement: Inulin
    • Source of non digestible carbohydrate

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

  • Experimental: Tomato, onion & lovage soup with inulin
    • One dose of tomato (300g), onion (100g) & lovage (20g) with 10g inulin will be given to subjects in the form of a soup
  • Experimental: Tomato, onion & lovage soup
    • One dose of tomato (300g), onion (100g) & lovage (20g) will be given to subjects in the form of a soup
  • Experimental: Inulin
    • One dose of 10g inulin will be given to subjects in the form of a drink

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

  • Phenolic acids bioavailability
    • Time Frame: 0-24 hrs
    • Urine excretion of phenolic acids (µg) will be measured with GC-MS

Secondary Measures

  • Glycaemic measurements
    • Time Frame: 0-8 hrs
    • Plasma glucose (mmol/L), insulin (mU/L) will be measured by commercial kits
  • Appetite hormones measurements
    • Time Frame: 0-8 hrs
    • Appetite hormone (PYY) levels in plasma (pg/mL) will be measured by commercial Elisa kit
  • Mouth to caecum transit time
    • Time Frame: 0-8 hrs
    • Mouth to caecum transit time (in hours/mins) will be calculated from sustained rise in breath hydrogen level measurements by hydrogen monitor
  • Gastric emptying time
    • Time Frame: 0-6 hrs
    • Gastric emptying time (in hours/mins) will be estimated using kinetics of plasma paracetamol levels measured by acetaminophen assay kits

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

• Self-reported healthy adults Exclusion Criteria:

  • Antibiotic use within the last 3 months – Identified gastro-intestinal diseases – On prescribed medication other than the contraceptive pill – Pregnant or breastfeeding. – Diagnosed as anaemic – Allergic to paracetamol or any food

Gender Eligibility: All

Minimum Age: 20 Years

Maximum Age: 70 Years

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Investigator Details

  • Lead Sponsor
    • University of Glasgow
  • Collaborator
    • Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre
  • Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
    • Principal Investigator: Christine Edwards, Professor – University of Glasgow
  • Overall Official(s)
    • Christine Edwards, PhD, Principal Investigator, University of Glasgow

References

Russell W, Duthie G. Plant secondary metabolites and gut health: the case for phenolic acids. Proc Nutr Soc. 2011 Aug;70(3):389-96. doi: 10.1017/S0029665111000152.

Roowi S, Mullen W, Edwards CA, Crozier A. Yoghurt impacts on the excretion of phenolic acids derived from colonic breakdown of orange juice flavanones in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009 May;53 Suppl 1:S68-75. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200800287.

Tamura M, Nakagawa H, Tsushida T, Hirayama K, Itoh K. Effect of pectin enhancement on plasma quercetin and fecal flora in rutin-supplemented mice. J Food Sci. 2007 Nov;72(9):S648-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00557.x.

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