Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overview

The aim of the study is to evaluate cardiovascular events during long-term follow-up in Rheumatoid Arthritis. The primary outcome "any cardiovascular event" will be evaluated using systematic audits of patient records, and will be associated to low levels of vitamin D at baseline, to investigate the hypothesis that low levels of vitamin D can be part of a prediction model for cardiovascular disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Full Title of Study: “Association Between Baseline Vitamin D Metabolite Levels and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. A Cohort Study With Patient-record Evaluated Outcomes.”

Study Type

  • Study Type: Observational
  • Study Design
    • Time Perspective: Prospective
  • Study Primary Completion Date: October 2016

Detailed Description

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and among these patients, the prevalence of hypo-vitaminosis D is high. Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with elevated cardiovascular risk in healthy subjects. The objective of this study is to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular events in patients having low 25OHD-total levels at baseline compared to patients with sufficient levels, in an aggressively treated closed cohort of early-diagnosed RA patients. The primary outcome will be the proportion of patients with any cardiovascular event, evaluated using systematic journal audits. Logistic regression models will be applied to test the hypothesis that there are more cardiovascular events in patients enrolled with a low level of vitamin D (< 50 nmol/l). Secondarily, Cox regression models, based on survival analysis, will be applied, to determine the extent to which independent variables (including different levels of vitamin D at baseline) predict not only whether a cardiovascular event occur, but also when it will occur.

Interventions

  • Other: Baseline serum vitamin D level below 50 nmol/l
    • There is no medical intervention. The two groups are simple allocated depending on serum levels of D-total at the time of diagnosis
  • Other: Baseline serum vitamin D level at or above 50 nmol/l
    • There is no medical intervention. The two groups are simple allocated depending on serum levels of D-total at the time of diagnosis

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

  • Rheumatoid arthritis patients
    • Participants in the original, parental trial

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

  • Cardiovascular event
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Events will be recorded using systematic journal audits. A cardiovascular event will be further subclassified as shown in the secondary outcome measures, but for primary outcome measures; any cardiovascular event, including death, will serve as “an event”

Secondary Measures

  • Acute cardiovascular hospitalisation due to Myocardial Ischamia
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Non-fatal or fatal myocardial infarction, defined by National and International Guidelines (Thygesen et al. 1581-98). Fatal myocardial infarction is defined as primary fatal event within 7 days, documented post mortem by autopsy, or by the definition of myocardial infarction according to European Guidelines (Thygesen et al. 1581-98) Death of myocardial infarction as a consequence of medical examination/procedure/surgery will be classified as procedure related death. Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) includes acute ischaemic symptoms with eventual elevation in biomarkers or electrocardiographic changes which does not fulfil the criteria of acute myocardial infarction. Angina Pectoris. Revascularisation procedures (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) or Coronary bypass Graft (CABG).
  • Acute cardiovascular hospitalisation due to hearth failure
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Patients with non-elective hospitalisation or death, minimum one overnight stay, with symptoms or findings of heart failure. Death due to heart failure is defined as escalating heart failure symptoms prior to death.
  • Acute cardiovascular hospitalisation due to stroke
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Cerebral haemorrhage, cerebral thromboembolism, Transitory Cerebral Ischemia (TCI) and others Stroke is defined as abrupt severe neurologic deficits, eventually with computer tomographic (CT) documentation. Death within 14 days after symptom-onset of stroke, and without other obviously reasons, is classified as caused by stroke
  • Acute cardiovascular hospitalisation due to arrhythmias
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Atrial fibrillation or flutter, supraventricular tachycardia and others. Ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and others. Death due to arrhythmia requires documentation, e.g. telemetric transcript, pacemaker or electrocardiogram
  • Acute cardiovascular hospitalisation due to Procedure-related cardiovascular event
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Any cardiovascular event within 24 hours after cardiovascular medical examination/procedure/surgery.
  • Acute cardiovascular hospitalisation due to other reasons
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Hospitalisation caused by other cardiovascular events, e.g. pulmonary embolism, rupture of aortic aneurism etc.
  • Acute cardiovascular hospitalisation due to supposed cardiovascular reason
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Hospitalisation without any documented non-cardiovascular cause. All deaths which are not defined by the cardiovascular reasons mentioned above, and who are not caused by well-documented non-cardiovascular death. All deaths without known reason
  • Acute non-cardiovascular hospitalisation due to cancer
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Acute hospitalisation due to cancer
  • Acute non-cardiovascular hospitalisation due to infection
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Acute hospitalisation due to infection
  • Acute non-cardiovascular hospitalisation due to respiratory disease
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Acute hospitalisation due to respiratory disease
  • Acute non-cardiovascular hospitalisation due to trauma
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Acute hospitalisation due to trauma
  • Acute non-cardiovascular hospitalisation due to suicide
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Acute – hospitalisation due to suicide
  • Acute non-cardiovascular hospitalisation due to other reasons
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Acute hospitalisation du to other non-cardiovascular reasons, than those previous mentioned
  • Elective cardiovascular hospitalisation due to myocardial ischemia
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
  • Elective cardiovascular hospitalisation due to arrhythmia
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
  • Elective cardiovascular hospitalisation due to heart failure
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
  • Elective cardiovascular hospitalisation due to other cardiovascular reasons
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
  • Elective non-cardiovascular hospitalisation due to cancer
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
  • Elective non-cardiovascular hospitalisation due to infection
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
  • Elective non-cardiovascular hospitalisation due to respiratory disease
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
  • Elective non-cardiovascular hospitalisation due to trauma
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
  • Elective non-cardiovascular hospitalisation due to suicide
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
  • Witnessed, sudden cardiovascular death
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Death is witnessed and abrupt within one hour after symptom-onset
  • Non-witnessed, sudden cardiovascular death
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Non-witnessed death with no obvious non-cardiovascular reasons (found death)
  • Non-sudden cardiovascular death
    • Time Frame: Observed in the time-period from inclusion to October the 10th 2016
    • Death due to any of the cardiovascular caused previously mentioned, more than one hour after symptom-onset

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

Fulfilling ACR1987 (American College of Rheumatology 1987 classification criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis) criteria for RA, disease duration < 6 months, 2 or more swollen joints and age between 18 and 75 years - Exclusion Criteria:

Glucocorticoid treatment 4 weeks prior to inclusion, previous use of DMARDs, malignancy, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, elevated serum creatinine, infections with parvovirus B19, Hepatitis B, C and HIV, and any condition contraindicating the study medication. -

Gender Eligibility: All

Minimum Age: 18 Years

Maximum Age: 75 Years

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: No

Investigator Details

  • Lead Sponsor
    • Odense University Hospital
  • Collaborator
    • The Danish Rheumatism Association
  • Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
    • Principal Investigator: Mette Herly, MD – Odense University Hospital
  • Overall Official(s)
    • Torkell Ellingsen, MD, Phd, Study Chair, Odense University Hospital

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