Intra-oral Camera in Gingival Health

Overview

Evaluate the effects of using an intra-oral camera (IOC) during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT), on the psychological, behavioral and clinical parameters of patients with gingivitis, outlined by evidence and a theory-based framework.

Full Title of Study: “Psychological, Behavioral and Clinical Effects of Intra Oral Camera: a Randomized Control Trial on Adults With Gingivitis”

Study Type

  • Study Type: Interventional
  • Study Design
    • Allocation: Randomized
    • Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
    • Primary Purpose: Prevention
    • Masking: Single (Care Provider)
  • Study Primary Completion Date: February 2015

Detailed Description

A group of 78 adult patients with gingivitis receiving an SPT was randomized into two groups: IOC and control. Bleeding on Marginal Probing (BOMP), self-reported dental hygiene behaviors, and psychological determinants of behavior change (outcome expectancies, self-efficacy and planning) and IOC opinion were evaluated one week before or during the consultation and four months later.

Interventions

  • Behavioral: SPT consultation
  • Device: SOPROCARE®

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

  • Experimental: Intra Oral Camera
    • Dental appointment, one hour and included activities that are normally part of a SPT consultation (Bardet et al. 1999), as well as specific behavior change techniques, such as the use of reinforcement, goal-setting and feedback as described by Newton and Asimakopoulou (2015). Special attention was given to patient communication and words such as ‘cleaning’ and ‘hygiene’ were replaced by therapeutic synonyms (e.g. inflamed areas and controlling the inflammation). In this group, the device SOPROCARE® by Acteon was used in the examination and diagnosis and also for the establishment of therapeutic goals, strategies and skills.
  • Active Comparator: No Intra Oral camera
    • Dental appointment, one hour and included activities that are normally part of a SPT consultation (Bardet et al. 1999), as well as specific behavior change techniques, such as the use of reinforcement, goal-setting and feedback as described by Newton and Asimakopoulou (2015) and considered crucial to the accomplishment of long term behavior change. Moreover, special attention was given to patient communication and words such as ‘cleaning’ and ‘hygiene’ were replaced by therapeutic synonyms (e.g. inflamed areas and controlling the inflammation) in order to focus patients´ attention on the varied facets of oral health care and increase their perception of the treatment needs. In this group, the device SOPROCARE® by Acteon was not used.

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

  • The gingival condition was assessed using the BOMP (Bleeding on Marginal Probing) index , as described by Van der Weijden et al. (1994).
    • Time Frame: Baseline to 4 months
    • In this index, bleeding is scored during 30 seconds of probing using a 3 point scale from 0 to 2 (0 – no bleeding, 1 – point bleeding, 2 – excess bleeding).

Secondary Measures

  • Dental Hygiene (Flossing and tooth-brushing habits)
    • Time Frame: Baseline to 4 months
    • In order to assess dental hygiene, two questions were asked on brushing and flossing habits. Individual scores for brushing and flossing were calculated and a composite score was also computed for both (referred to as Dental Hygiene). A 5 point Likert-scale was used. Item example: In the last two weeks/four months how often have you flossed your teeth?
  • Measuring Health Behavior Change: Health Action Process Approach Model (HAPA, Schwarzer, 2008)
    • Time Frame: Baseline to 4 months
    • Measures adapted to oral health from previous studies with the HAPA model (Godinho et al. 2015) were used. All the psychological variables were evaluated using a 7 point Likert-type scale, ranging from totally disagree (1) to totally agree (7).

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

  • >18 years old. – + 20 teeth (minimum 5 per quadrant) – BOMP > 0.5 Exclusion Criteria:

  • periodontitis (pockets >4), – smoking patients – orthodontic patients – pregnant – 1 removable partial denture

Gender Eligibility: All

Minimum Age: 18 Years

Maximum Age: N/A

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: No

Investigator Details

  • Lead Sponsor
    • University of Lisbon
  • Collaborator
    • Faculdade de Psicologia
  • Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
    • Principal Investigator: Mario Rui Araújo, Master in Health psychology – University of Lisbon
  • Overall Official(s)
    • Maria-João Maria-João, PhD, Principal Investigator, Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa

References

Van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF, Nijboer A, Reijerse E, Van der Velden U. Comparison of different approaches to assess bleeding on probing as indicators of gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1994 Oct;21(9):589-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1994.tb00748.x.

Godinho CA, Alvarez MJ, Lima ML, Schwarzer R. Health messages to promote fruit and vegetable consumption at different stages: A match-mismatch design. Psychol Health. 2015;30(12):1410-32. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2015.1054827. Epub 2015 Jul 24.

Bardet P, Suvan J, Lang NP. Clinical effects of root instrumentation using conventional steel or non-tooth substance removing plastic curettes during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). J Clin Periodontol. 1999 Nov;26(11):742-7. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.1999.t01-6-261101.x.

Newton JT, Asimakopoulou K. Managing oral hygiene as a risk factor for periodontal disease: a systematic review of psychological approaches to behaviour change for improved plaque control in periodontal management. J Clin Periodontol. 2015 Apr;42 Suppl 16:S36-46. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12356.

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