Psychobiological Mechanisms of Placebo and Nocebo Effects in the Treatment of Chronic Back Pain

Overview

Placebo and nocebo responses have mainly been studied in healthy humans for pharmacological rather than psychological interventions. Moreover, only few studies examined patients or tested how previous experience and attitudes affect placebo and nocebo responses. On the psychological level expectancy and classical conditioning have been identified as two primary mechanisms. Both seem to be important with classical conditioning potentially having more long-term effects and expectancy being more important in nocebo effects. There is some initial evidence from the investigators own research that patients may be more prone to these effects and the investigators have also shown that placebo effects may last up to several years after treatment. The investigators therefore examine previous attitudes to pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in patients with chronic back pain and subdivide them into groups with high of low belief in the respective treatment modality. The investigators then apply a pharmacological placebo and study the interaction between the prevailing attitude (implicit and explicit) and the placebo effect with respect to pain perception but also to neurobiological mechanisms using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to expectancy, conditioning of placebo will be examined and the long-term effects of the intervention will be determined.

Study Type

• Study Type: Interventional
• Study Design
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Masking: Single (Participant)
• Study Primary Completion Date: December 2014

Interventions

• Other: Administration of a pharmacological placebo

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

• Experimental: placebo
  • Administration of a pharmacological placebo (sodium chloride) via transdermal application to investigate the influence on pain perception in chronic back pain patients and to investigate the influence of attitude and experience with medication on the placebo effect

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

• Changes in pain intensity and pain unpleasantness ratings after placebo intervention
  • Time Frame: immediatey to one week

Secondary Measures

• Changes in neuronal activity in response to painful stimulation after placebo administration
  • Time Frame: immediately
• Changes in movement abilities after placebo administration
  • Time Frame: immediately to one week

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

• Male and female human subjects with chronic back pain (chronic persistent and recurrent pain > 6 months) – Age between 18 and 65 – Voluntary participation. Exclusion Criteria:

• Acute or chronic somatic diseases and inflammatory, neuropathic or tumor-related pain – Acute and chronic mental disorders according to DSM-IV (except for comorbid anxiety or depression, which are frequent in chronic pain) – Insufficient German language skills – Cognitive limitations – Intake of opioid medication or tranquilizers – Metal implants or electric implants that cannot be removed – Pregnancy – Claustrophobia – History of epilepsy, brain trauma, or brain tumor

Gender Eligibility: All

Minimum Age: 18 Years

Maximum Age: 75 Years

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Investigator Details

• Lead Sponsor
  • Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim
• Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
  • Principal Investigator: Prof Herta Flor, Prof. Dr. Herta Flor – Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim
• Overall Official(s)
  • Herta Flor, PhD, Principal Investigator, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University