Comparison Between Palpatory and Preprocedural Ultrasound Guided Techniques on Performance of Spinal Anesthesia

Overview

Pre-procedural ultrasound for Spinal & Epidural anesthesia is now being increasingly performed worldwide. Pre-procedural ultrasound assessment of the spine has been shown to facilitate the placement of epidural anesthesia in pregnant women, diagnostic lumbar punctures, performance of spinal anesthesia in non-obstetric patients and accurate identification of the interspace at which the puncture is being performed. This is especially important during spinal anesthesia, where puncture below the ending of the spinal cord is recommended for safety. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of spinal anesthesia between the pre-procedural ultrasound assessment of the spine and the traditional palpatory technique, in term pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery. Furthermore, we aim to describe sonoanatomic features of the spine that could predict the ease of insertion of spinal anesthesia in that patient population. We hypothesize that in term pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery, pre-procedural ultrasound assessment of the spine will improve the success rate of spinal anesthesia at first attempt, compared to the traditional palpatory technique.

Full Title of Study: “Comparison Between Palpatory and Preprocedural Ultrasound Guided Techniques on Performance of Spinal Anesthesia in Term Parturients Undergoing Elective Caesarian Section- A Randomized Control Trial”

Study Type

  • Study Type: Interventional
  • Study Design
    • Allocation: Randomized
    • Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
    • Primary Purpose: Treatment
    • Masking: None (Open Label)
  • Study Primary Completion Date: October 2013

Interventions

  • Procedure: Ultrasound
    • Ultrasound applied to the lumbar region to determine spinal needle placement.
  • Device: The spinal needle

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

  • No Intervention: Palpation
    • Palpation will be used to determine placement of the spinal needle.
  • Experimental: Ultrasound
    • Ultrasound will be used prior to placement of the spinal needle.

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

  • Spinal needle redirections
    • Time Frame: 15 minutes
    • Number of redirections needed to perform a successful spinal puncture (presence of cerebrospinal fluid). A needle redirection is defined as any change in needle insertion trajectory that did not involve complete withdrawal of the needle from the patient’s skin. The first needle pass will not be considered a redirection.

Secondary Measures

  • Needle reinsertions
    • Time Frame: 15 minutes
    • Number of needle reinsertions defined as complete withdrawal of the spinal needle to the patient’s skin followed by a new attempt in the same interspace.
  • Need to change to another interspace.
    • Time Frame: 15 minutes
    • Relocating the spinal needle to another interspace.
  • Procedure time
    • Time Frame: 15 minutes
    • Time taken to perform the spinal anesthesia, measured from insertion of the introducer needle to visualization of spinal fluid.
  • Pain score
    • Time Frame: 15 minutes
    • Verbal Numerical Pain Scores during the procedure (0-10, where 0 means no pain and 10 mean the worst pain imaginable).
  • Intervertebral level agreement
    • Time Frame: 3 hours
    • Intervertebral level agreement between L3-L4 obtained in the postoperative ultrasound assessment and the marked intervertebral level obtained pre-procedure, either by ultrasound or palpation.
  • Ultrasound Grading
    • Time Frame: 3 hours
    • Ultrasound Grading: The image pattern of the intervertebral space will be categorized into three grades by three study investigators not involved in providing the spinal anesthesia: Typical Image,Atypical Image or Inconclusive Image.

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

  • Pregnant patients scheduled to receive spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean sections – ASA physical status 1 – 3 – Written informed consent – Gestational age ≥ 37 weeks. Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patient's refusal. – Body mass index ≥ 45 – Patient with marked spinal bony deformity (Severe scoliosis on visual inspection and previous spinal instrumentation).

Gender Eligibility: Female

Minimum Age: 18 Years

Maximum Age: 55 Years

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Investigator Details

  • Lead Sponsor
    • Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital
  • Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
    • Sponsor
  • Overall Official(s)
    • Cristian Arzola, MD, Principal Investigator, MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL

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