IMPACT – Integrative Medicine PrimAry Care Trial

Overview

This study is Phase II of a project by the University of Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine (AzCIM). Collaborating with AzCIM is the Health Outcomes and Pharmacoeconomics (HOPE) Center and the RAND Corporation, Inc. Phase II is a prospective evaluation of the clinical and cost effectiveness (outcomes) of an integrative medicine professional practice model for adult primary care delivery (the University of Arizona Integrative Health Center - UAIHC in Phoenix, AZ). Data will be gathered from eligible and consenting members of UAIHC. In addition, a fidelity evaluation will assess whether the practice model was implemented as planned. The specific aims are to: 1) Recruit, consent, and enroll a sample of eligible patient and staff participants from UAIHC; 2) Conduct outcome evaluation of UAIHC care using patient data from medical records abstractions, self-report assessments, clinic administrative and service utilization/encounter data, and health insurance claims data; and, 3) Conduct fidelity evaluation of the implementation of the UAIHC model as described in its business plan using patient- and staff-reported fidelity assessments, random chart audits, and abstracted clinic administrative data. Participants. 1) Participants from the clinic patient population for whom clinical and cost outcomes will be tracked (n=500); 2) Clinic patients from whom fidelity data will be collected (n=180); and, 3) Clinic personnel from whom fidelity data will also be collected (n=14). Data Collection. For outcomes evaluation, data will be collected at baseline (initial clinic visit), and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow up periods. Sources include clinical symptoms and biomarkers from medical records abstractions; patient reported outcomes and satisfaction questionnaires; clinic service encounter logs; and, cost data from health insurance claims information and clinic financial data. For fidelity evaluation, data will be collected monthly for 6 months after study start, quarterly for the next 6 months, and semi-annually from then on. Patient data for fidelity will be gathered on a single randomized day of the week using a self-administered patient feedback questionnaire. For personnel, fidelity data will be collected at the same intervals using a self-administered provider perceptions questionnaire of inter-professional team and integrative medical care. Data from audits of randomly selected patient charts and administrative records will also be used.

Full Title of Study: “IMPACT: Integrative Medicine PrimAry Care Trial: A Comparative Effectiveness Study of an Integrative Primary Care Clinic”

Study Type

  • Study Type: Observational
  • Study Design
    • Time Perspective: Prospective
  • Study Primary Completion Date: October 2015

Interventions

  • Other: Integrative medicine primary care model
    • An integrative medicine primary medical care as defined by the Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine.

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

  • Primary care patients
    • Primary care patients who are members of UAIHC.

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

  • Total healthcare costs from the payer’s perspective-total paid costs according to claims data.
    • Time Frame: 12 months of paid costs pre and post beginning membership at UAIHC

Secondary Measures

  • 1. Self-report instruments
    • Time Frame: Baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-months
    • Composite: Short Form -12 (Ware, 1996) WHO-5 Well-being Index (Bech, 2003) Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen 1983). Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (Reilly, 1993). Patient Activation Measure (Hibbard, 2004). Diet quality. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Fruits/Vegetables (CDC, 2012). Physical Activity. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Physical Activity (CDC, 2012). Stress burden (Littman, 2006). Depression. PHQ-2 (Kroenke, 2003). Anxiety Disorder. GAD-2 (Kroenke, 2007). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Buysse, 1989). Fatigue visual analogue scale. Fatigue Severity Scale (Krupp, 1989). Pain visual analogue scale. If diagnosed: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-R (Williams & Arnold, 2011); Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (Roland & Morris, 1983); PHQ 9 (Kroenke et al 2002); GAD 7 (Spitzer et al, 2006). Demographics (Baseline). Expectations for care (Baseline). Patient satisfaction. 2-items from the CAHPS (AHRQ, 2012).
  • Clinical indicators and biomarkers
    • Time Frame: 3-, 6-, and 12-months
    • Composite: Complete metabolic panel, hypoglycemic medication, full lipid panel (TC, HDL, fasting triglycerides), lipid medication, TSH/T4, HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypertension medication, BMI (height & weight), waist circumference, body fat composition, smoking status, cardiovascular disease risk (general and events), metabolic syndrome diagnosis.
  • Service Utilization Data and Health Insurance Claims Data
    • Time Frame: 3-, 6-, and 12-months; biennially

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Outcomes Study Sample: Inclusion Criteria:

  • Enrollment in primary care (members) at UAIHC; – Adults age 18 or older. Exclusion Criteria:

  • Currently pregnant at time of recruitment; – Patients who attend the UAIHC clinic as consultation-only patients; – Significant cognitive impairment to the extent that the individual is unable to understand consent and respond to questionnaires. Fidelity Study Sample (Patients): Inclusion Criteria:

  • Enrollment in primary care (members) at UAIHC; – Adults age 18 or older. Exclusion Criteria:

  • Significant cognitive impairment to the extent that the individual is unable to understand consent and respond to questionnaires. Fidelity Study Sample (Providers): Inclusion Criteria:

  • All clinical and support personnel. Exclusion Criteria:

  • None.

Gender Eligibility: All

Minimum Age: 18 Years

Maximum Age: N/A

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Investigator Details

  • Lead Sponsor
    • University of Arizona
  • Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
    • Principal Investigator: Sally Dodds, Associate Professor/Research Scholar of Medicine & Psychiatry – University of Arizona
  • Overall Official(s)
    • Victoria Maizes, MD, Principal Investigator, University of Arizona Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine
    • Sally E Dodds, PhD, Study Director, University of Arizona Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine
  • Overall Contact(s)
    • TBA

References

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Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983 Dec;24(4):385-96. No abstract available.

Kroenke, K., Spitzer R.L. (2002). The PHQ-9: A new depression and diagnostic severity measure. Psychiatric Annals, 32, 509-521.

Reilly MC, Zbrozek AS, Dukes EM. The validity and reproducibility of a work productivity and activity impairment instrument. Pharmacoeconomics. 1993 Nov;4(5):353-65. doi: 10.2165/00019053-199304050-00006.

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener. Med Care. 2003 Nov;41(11):1284-92. doi: 10.1097/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C.

Littman AJ, White E, Satia JA, Bowen DJ, Kristal AR. Reliability and validity of 2 single-item measures of psychosocial stress. Epidemiology. 2006 Jul;17(4):398-403. doi: 10.1097/01.ede.0000219721.89552.51.

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Monahan PO, Lowe B. Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Mar 6;146(5):317-25. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004.

Krupp LB, LaRocca NG, Muir-Nash J, Steinberg AD. The fatigue severity scale. Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Neurol. 1989 Oct;46(10):1121-3. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1989.00520460115022.

Williams DA, Arnold LM. Measures of fibromyalgia: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep Scale, and Multiple Ability Self-Report Questionnaire (MASQ). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Nov;63 Suppl 11(0 11):S86-97. doi: 10.1002/acr.20531. No abstract available.

Roland M, Morris R. A study of the natural history of low-back pain. Part II: development of guidelines for trials of treatment in primary care. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1983 Mar;8(2):145-50. doi: 10.1097/00007632-198303000-00005.

Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092.

Hibbard JH, Stockard J, Mahoney ER, Tusler M. Development of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM): conceptualizing and measuring activation in patients and consumers. Health Serv Res. 2004 Aug;39(4 Pt 1):1005-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00269.x.

Safran DG, Kosinski M, Tarlov AR, Rogers WH, Taira DH, Lieberman N, Ware JE. The Primary Care Assessment Survey: tests of data quality and measurement performance. Med Care. 1998 May;36(5):728-39. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199805000-00012.

Mercer SW, Maxwell M, Heaney D, Watt GC. The consultation and relational empathy (CARE) measure: development and preliminary validation and reliability of an empathy-based consultation process measure. Fam Pract. 2004 Dec;21(6):699-705. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmh621. Epub 2004 Nov 4.

Ware J Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996 Mar;34(3):220-33. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003.

Loo, R & Loewen, P. (2002). A Confirmatory Factor-Analytic and Psychometric Examination of the Team Climate Inventory : Full and Short Versions. Small Group Research, 33: 254.

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Gaboury I, Boon H, Verhoef M, Bujold M, Lapierre LM, Moher D. Practitioners' validation of framework of team-oriented practice models in integrative health care: a mixed methods study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010 Oct 14;10:289. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-289.

Bech P, Olsen LR, Kjoller M, Rasmussen NK. Measuring well-being rather than the absence of distress symptoms: a comparison of the SF-36 Mental Health subscale and the WHO-Five Well-Being Scale. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2003;12(2):85-91. doi: 10.1002/mpr.145.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Questionnaire. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed October 15, 2012 from the World Wide Web at http://www.cdc.gov/brfss.

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