Vitamin D and Physical Activity for Prevention of Sarcopenia in Osteoporosis

Overview

In the present study the aim was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and to evaluate the effectiveness of an exercise program and vitamin D supplementation in enhancing muscle mass and strength in community-dwelling older adults with osteopenia /osteoporosis. One hundred and forty-five individuals aged 65 years and above with documented osteopenia/osteoporosis were scanned for sarcopenia. The participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Group 1-PA and vitamin D (n= 38), Group 2-PA(n=36), Group 3-vitamin D (n= 36) or Group 4-healthy lifestyle(n =35) for 16 weeks. The PA group received a 60-minute 3-day/week exercise programme, the vitamin D group received oral cholecalciferol 2000 IU/day and the control group was provided with health education using videotaped presentations, physician talks on topics concerning bone and muscle health. Body composition was measured DEXA. Vitamin D levels were measured and PA was measured using the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire. Physical performance was assessed using upper limb grip strength, walking speed and knee extension strength. All data was collected at baseline and at 4 months.

Full Title of Study: “Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation and Physical Activity in Preventing Sarcopenia in Older Adults With Osteoporosis”

Study Type

  • Study Type: Interventional
  • Study Design
    • Allocation: Randomized
    • Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
    • Primary Purpose: Prevention
    • Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
  • Study Primary Completion Date: August 2011

Detailed Description

Ageing is associated with changes in body composition and due to the ageing of the populations and the lessened physical activity (PA), sarcopenia and osteopenia /osteoporosis are emerging as major health concerns. Lack of PA is a significant risk factor for sarcopenia. Vitamin D plays an important role on bone and muscle development. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and to evaluate the effectiveness of PA and vitamin D supplementation in enhancing muscle mass and strength in community-dwelling older adults with osteopenia /osteoporosis. One hundred and forty-five individuals aged 65 years and above with documented osteopenia/osteoporosis were scanned for sarcopenia (defined as a relative skeletal muscle index (appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by height) below 5.45 kg/m2). The participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Group 1-PA and vitamin D (n= 38), Group 2-PA(n=36), Group 3-vitamin D (n= 36) or Group 4-healthy lifestyle(n =35) for 16 weeks. The PA group received a 60-minute 3-day/week exercise programme, the vitamin D group received oral cholecalciferol 2000 IU/day and the control group was provided with health education using videotaped presentations, physician talks on topics concerning bone and muscle health. Body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Vitamin D levels were measured by Liaison immunoassay. PA was measured using the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire. Physical performance was assessed using upper limb grip strength, walking speed and knee extension strength. All data was collected at baseline and at 4 months.

Interventions

  • Drug: Vitamin D
    • vitamin D given orally as tablets at a dosage of 2000 IU/day for 4 months
  • Other: Physical activity
    • Physical activity in the form of an exercise programme consisting of 60 minutes all inclusive warming up , strengthening, resistance and stretching exercises were instigated 3 times a week for 4 months.

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

  • Experimental: Vitamin D
    • vitamin D-oral cholecalciferol 2000 IU/day for 4 months
  • Active Comparator: Physical activity
    • A 3-day/week exercise programme lasting 60 minutes each day for 4 months was instigated.
  • Experimental: Vitamin D and Physical activity
    • Vitamin D -oral cholecalciferol 2000 IU/day and Physical activity-60-minute 3-day/week exercise programme
  • Placebo Comparator: Control
    • The control group was provided with health education using videotaped presentations, physician talks on topics concerning bone and muscle health.

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

  • muscle mass change
    • Time Frame: 4 months
  • Muscle mass change
    • Time Frame: 4 months
    • To determine change in vitamin D status, fasting blood samples were collected from all participants at baseline and after 16 weeks of intervention and were measured by Liaison immunoassay. Muscle mass change and sarcopenia prevention was measured using the relative skeletal muscle index (appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by height) below 5.45 kg/m2).

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

  • older adults aged 60 and above – osteopenia/osteoporosis Exclusion Criteria:

  • severe cognitive impairment – major organ disease – current consumption of corticosteroids or vitamin D

Gender Eligibility: All

Minimum Age: 60 Years

Maximum Age: N/A

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: No

Investigator Details

  • Lead Sponsor
    • University of Alexandria
  • Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
    • Principal Investigator: Anna Abou-Raya, Professor of Rheumatology – University of Alexandria

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