Time-limited Specific Oral Tolerance Induction in Children With Severe Egg Allergy

Overview

To evaluate the efficacy of a 6-month specific oral tolerance induction (SOTI) protocol in inducing tolerance (maximal dose of raw egg emulsion tolerated) in children with severe IgE-mediated egg allergy and a history of at least 1 anaphylactic reaction after accidental exposure to egg.

Full Title of Study: “Specific Oral Tolerance Induction in Children With Severe Egg Allergy: A Randomized Controlled Trial Using a 6 Months Protocol”

Study Type

  • Study Type: Interventional
  • Study Design
    • Allocation: Randomized
    • Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
    • Primary Purpose: Treatment
    • Masking: None (Open Label)
  • Study Primary Completion Date: June 2010

Detailed Description

Oral immunotherapy consisted in the administration of increasing amounts of raw emulsion egg. The children started with 1 drop of undiluted raw egg emulsion (0.05 ml) flavored with vanilla and cacao, hidden by the parents in the child's breakfast (cow's milk, soymilk, fruit juice or other). The dose was doubled at intervals of about one month in the day hospital. The increases in dose were customized for each subject based on the frequency and severity of side effects, or when an inter-current illness or asthma worsening intervened during the SOTI. The investigators limited the SOTI protocol to six months for all patients, irrespective of the dose reached, in order to favor the adherence of families to the study. When objective symptoms seemed more important (grade 2, 3 and 4 reaction), medical treatment was given. Subjects were discontinued from the study in case of severe adverse reactions (grade 5 reaction). Parents were advised they could telephone investigators 24 hours a day

Interventions

  • Other: Specific oral tolerance induction
    • Specific oral tolerance induction consisted in the administration of increasing amounts of raw emulsion egg

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

  • Experimental: Specific oral tolerance induction
    • Specific oral tolerance induction consisted in the administration of increasing amounts of food antigen
  • No Intervention: control
    • controls were kept on an egg-free diet for 6 months

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

  • Number of Children That Achieved Total (40 ml) or Partial (Less Than 40 ml But at Least 10 ml) Tolerance to Raw Egg
    • Time Frame: baseline and 6 months
    • To evaluate the efficacy of a 6-month Specific Oral Tolerance Induction (SOTI) protocol in inducing tolerance (maximal dose of raw egg emulsion tolerated after 6 months) in children with severe IgE-mediated egg allergy and a history of at least 1 anaphylactic reaction after accidental exposure to egg.

Secondary Measures

  • Changes in the Median Weal Diameter, Using Egg White SPTs, End-point SPT and PP
    • Time Frame: Baseline and 6 months
    • Before and after SOTI, we evaluated the change in the median weal diameter in millimeters, using egg white SPTs, end-point SPT and PP.

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

  • at least 1 anaphylactic reaction (grade 3, 4 and 5 according to Sampson's grading after accidental exposure to trace amounts of egg or egg-derivative products, requiring emergency treatment, at least 1 year before enrollment – demonstration of egg white specific IgE by the skin prick test (SPT), end-point SPT, raw egg white prick-by-prick (PP) and egg white-specific IgE determination – positive double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) at a dose of less than 0.9 ml of raw emulsion egg Exclusion Criteria:

  • age below 5 years – poorly controlled asthma – parents with a history of unreliable management of complications and treatment.

Gender Eligibility: All

Minimum Age: 5 Years

Maximum Age: 11 Years

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: No

Investigator Details

  • Lead Sponsor
    • Ospedale Buon Consiglio Fatebenefratelli
  • Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
    • Principal Investigator: Iride Dello Iacono, pediatrician – Ospedale Buon Consiglio Fatebenefratelli
  • Overall Official(s)
    • Iride Dello Iacono, pediatrician, Study Director, Unit of Pediatrics, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Benevento, Italy

References

Calvani M, Giorgio V, Miceli Sopo S. Specific oral tolerance induction for food. A systematic review. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Feb;42(1):11-9.

Sampson HA. Anaphylaxis and emergency treatment. Pediatrics. 2003 Jun;111(6 Pt 3):1601-8.

Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. 9. Food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Feb;117(2 Suppl Mini-Primer):S470-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.05.048.

Barbi E, Berti I, Longo G. Food allergy: from the of loss of tolerance induced by exclusion diets to specific oral tolerance induction. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2008 Nov;2(3):212-4. doi: 10.2174/187221308786241875.

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