Variation Between Hospitals in Short-term Mortality After Acute Coronary Syndromes: A CALIBER Study

Overview

We seek to investigate whether hospitals in England and Wales vary in their rate of mortality following admission for heart attack or unstable angina, the extent of such variation, whether discharge diagnosis affects the extent of variation, and whether such variation has changed over time. Furthermore, we will investigate what individual- or hospital-level factors explain variation in mortality between hospitals.

Study Type

  • Study Type: Observational
  • Study Design
    • Time Perspective: Prospective
  • Study Primary Completion Date: September 2014

Detailed Description

Several studies have looked at between-hospital variation in mortality following myocardial infarction but have lacked patient-level data. Those with individual-level data have been limited by: – use of in-hospital mortality as an outcome measure, which can be affected by length of stay, – restriction to patients aged 65 and over, or otherwise selected patients, and – patient-level explanatory factors lacking clinical detail, particularly medications given in hospital. MINAP patient-level data allow the investigation of hospital variation in mortality (in-hospital and 30-day) in a group of unselected patients, taking into account clinical details such as medication use in hospital, as well as features of the hospitals providing care. The proposed study will establish the extent of variation between hospitals in England and Wales, whether this varies by ACS diagnosis, whether the variation has reduced over time and finally which patient-level or hospital-level factors explain any variation found. A statistical analytic protocol for this study, dated 15.4.2010, is available on request. This study is part of the CALIBER (Cardiovascular disease research using linked bespoke studies and electronic records) programme funded over 5 years from the NIHR and Wellcome Trust. The central theme of the CALIBER research is linkage of the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) with primary care (GPRD) and other resources. The overarching aim of CALIBER is to better understand the aetiology and prognosis of specific coronary phenotypes across a range of causal domains, particularly where electronic records provide a contribution beyond traditional studies. CALIBER has received both Ethics approval (ref 09/H0810/16) and ECC approval (ref ECC 2-06(b)/2009 CALIBER dataset).

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

  • STEMI
    • patients with discharge diagnosis of ST elevation myocardial infarction
  • nSTEMI
    • patients with discharge diagnosis of non ST elevation myocardial infarction
  • unstable angina
    • patients with discharge diagnosis of unstable angina

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

  • all-cause 30-day mortality
    • Time Frame: 30 day
    • all-cause 30-day mortality following hospitalisation for acute coronary syndrome

Secondary Measures

  • all-cause in-hospital mortality
    • Time Frame: length of hospital stay
    • all-cause in-hospital mortality following hospitalisation for acute coronary syndrome

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

  • admitted between January 2003 to June 2009 (or latest date data available) Exclusion Criteria:

  • admitted to hospital with fewer than 25 admissions in given year

Gender Eligibility: All

Minimum Age: 30 Years

Maximum Age: N/A

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: No

Investigator Details

  • Lead Sponsor
    • University College, London
  • Collaborator
    • Barts & The London NHS Trust
  • Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
    • Principal Investigator: Julie George, NIHR Doctoral Fellow – University College, London
  • Overall Official(s)
    • Julie L George, MSc, Principal Investigator, University College, London

References

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Heidenreich PA, Lewis WR, LaBresh KA, Schwamm LH, Fonarow GC. Hospital performance recognition with the Get With The Guidelines Program and mortality for acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. Am Heart J. 2009 Oct;158(4):546-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.07.031.

Peterson ED, Roe MT, Mulgund J, DeLong ER, Lytle BL, Brindis RG, Smith SC Jr, Pollack CV Jr, Newby LK, Harrington RA, Gibler WB, Ohman EM. Association between hospital process performance and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 2006 Apr 26;295(16):1912-20. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.16.1912.

Alter DA, Austin PC, Tu JV; Canadian Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Team. Community factors, hospital characteristics and inter-regional outcome variations following acute myocardial infarction in Canada. Can J Cardiol. 2005 Mar;21(3):247-55.

Krumholz HM, Chen J, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Chen YT, Marciniak TA. Comparing AMI mortality among hospitals in patients 65 years of age and older: evaluating methods of risk adjustment. Circulation. 1999 Jun 15;99(23):2986-92. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.99.23.2986.

Krumholz HM, Wang Y, Mattera JA, Wang Y, Han LF, Ingber MJ, Roman S, Normand SL. An administrative claims model suitable for profiling hospital performance based on 30-day mortality rates among patients with an acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2006 Apr 4;113(13):1683-92. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.611186. Epub 2006 Mar 20.

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Rasmussen S, Zwisler AD, Abildstrom SZ, Madsen JK, Madsen M. Hospital variation in mortality after first acute myocardial infarction in Denmark from 1995 to 2002: lower short-term and 1-year mortality in high-volume and specialized hospitals. Med Care. 2005 Oct;43(10):970-8. doi: 10.1097/01.mlr.0000178195.07110.d3.

Rasmussen S, Abildstrom SZ, Rasmussen JN, Gislason GH, Schramm TK, Folke F, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, Madsen M. Hospital variation in use of secondary preventive medicine after discharge for first acute myocardial infarction during 1995-2004. Med Care. 2008 Jan;46(1):70-7. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181484952.

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