Noninvasive Ventilation After Extubation in Hypercapnic Patients

Overview

The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the prevention of extubation failure and mortality in patients with either chronic respiratory disorders or hypercapnic respiratory failure during spontaneous breathing.

Full Title of Study: “Sequential and Early Used of Noninvasive Ventilation After Extubation in Hypercapnic Patients or in Patients With Chronic Respiratory Disorders”

Study Type

  • Study Type: Interventional
  • Study Design
    • Allocation: Randomized
    • Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
    • Primary Purpose: Treatment
    • Masking: None (Open Label)
  • Study Primary Completion Date: May 2011

Detailed Description

Reintubation, which occurs in 6 to 23% within 48 to 72 hours after planned extubation, is a relevant consequence of respiratory failure after extubation. Patients with chronic respiratory disorders and invasively mechanically ventilated in intensive care unit, often exhibit hypercapnia, during breathing trial prior extubation. This is associated to increased incidence of extubation failure and mortality. Although the need for reintubation may be a marker of increased severity of illness, this is an independent risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia, increased hospital stay and mortality. NIV does not seem to be beneficial in avoiding reintubation when these patients have developed respiratory failure. However, a recent randomised study demonstrated that the early use of NIV averted respiratory failure after extubation in patients at increased risk. The patients were considered at risk if they had at least one of the following criteria: age > 65 years, cardiac failure, increased severity assessed by an Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation score > 12. But, the beneficial effects of NIV on survival appear to be restricted to patients with chronic respiratory disorders and hypercapnia during the spontaneous breathing trial. So the beneficial effects of NIV should be confirmed in a trial in this specific population. We planned to conduct a study evaluating the efficacy of NIV in the prevention of extubation failure and mortality in these patients. If no signs of respiratory failure appeared after 120 min of a spontaneous breathing trial, patients will be extubated and randomly allocated after extubation to NIV group or control group. The clinical follow-up will be as follow: the incidence of extubation failure, the reintubation, the ICU and hospital mortality, 28-day survival, the complications associated to mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital length of stay.

Interventions

  • Procedure: Noninvasive ventilation
    • NIV will be delivered using a sequential mode (a minimum of 1 hour every 3 hours) immediately after extubation for a schedule period of 48 h after extubation. In between NIV courses ((NIV-free periods) O2 will be administered through nasal cannula in order to obtain a SaO2 ≥ 90%. Afterward, NIV will be withdraw and oxygen will be administered by nasal cannula

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

  • Experimental: NIV
  • No Intervention: Control

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

  • Incidence of respiratory failure after extubation
    • Time Frame: 2 days

Secondary Measures

  • Incidence of reintubation
    • Time Frame: 2 months
  • Length of stay in Intensive Care Unit
    • Time Frame: 2 months
  • Hospital mortality
    • Time Frame: 2 months
  • Survival
    • Time Frame: 28th day
  • Survival
    • Time Frame: 90th day
  • Incidence of complications associated to mechanical ventilation
    • Time Frame: 2 months

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

  • Patients intubated for 48 hours or more – Patients with Chronic respiratory disorders – And/or hypercapnic respiratory failure during successful spontaneous breathing trial Exclusion Criteria:

  • Face or cranial trauma or surgery – Home noninvasive ventilation – Recent gastric or oesophageal surgery – Tracheostomy or other upper airway disorders – Upper gastrointestinal bleeding – Excess respiratory secretions – Lack of collaboration – Do not resuscitate order or any decision to limit therapeutic effort in the ICU.

Gender Eligibility: All

Minimum Age: 18 Years

Maximum Age: N/A

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: No

Investigator Details

  • Lead Sponsor
    • University Hospital, Bordeaux
  • Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
    • Sponsor
  • Overall Official(s)
    • Frédéric VARGAS, MD, Principal Investigator, University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
    • Olivier GUISSET, MD, Principal Investigator, University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
    • Marc CLAVEL, MD, Principal Investigator, University Hospital, Limoges, France
    • Pascale SANCHEZ, MD, Principal Investigator, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
    • Sylvain GARNIER, MD, Principal Investigator, Hospital, Libourne, France
    • Aissa KHERCHACHE, MD, Principal Investigator, Hospital, Agen, France
    • Antoine BENARD, MD, Study Chair, University Hospital, Bordeaux, France

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