12-h and 2-h Urokinase Regimes of Pulmonary Thromboembolism in China

Overview

Comparative trials of urokinase (UK) for 12 hours(UK-12h)or 24 hours (UK-24h) have produced similar results in acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) thrombolysis. It is unclear whether the infusion time can be reduced further. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of weight adjusted dosage of UK-2h (20 000 IU/Kg) regime with the Uk-12h regime in selected patients with PTE in Chinese population.

Full Title of Study: “Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of 12-h and 2-h Urokinase Regimes in the Treatment of Pulmonary Thromboembolism: A Multi-Center, Randomized Controlled Trial in China”

Study Type

  • Study Type: Interventional
  • Study Design
    • Allocation: Randomized
    • Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
    • Primary Purpose: Treatment
    • Masking: None (Open Label)
  • Study Primary Completion Date: February 2006

Detailed Description

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), a frequent life-threatening complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is often underestimated and under diagnosed . Effective early treatment will decrease the mortality, reverse right heart dysfunction and reduce risk of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) or post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Thrombolysis has proved to be the most rapid and effective therapy to reduce the obstruction of pulmonary circulation and normalize hemodynamic parameters. The ultimate goals of thombolytic therapy for this disease are to minimize early morbidity and mortality and to prevent recurrence without provoking excessive bleeding. Currently, the choice of thrombolytic agents and regimens (either UK or rt-PA) is mostly based on personal or regional preferences. A loading dose of UK 4400 IU/kg followed by 2200 IU/kg/hour for 12 hours (UK-12h), or rt-PA 100 mg infusion over 2 hours are recommended for acute PTE treatment. However, increasing evidence suggest that UK infusion can be more concentrated and time can be further reduced. 100 mg/2 h of rt-PA and a novel dosing regimen of UK(3 million U/2 h) had been compared. The results indicated that a 2-h regimen of rt-PA and 2h UK exhibited similar efficacy and safety for treatment of acute PTE. UK-2h(20 000U/Kg) regimen combined with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) had been used in Chinese population.No severe bleeding and allergic reaction occurred in the thrombolytic group. This dosage is much lower than that used by Goldhaber et al, but the efficacy was prominent. Until now,no study have been reported to compared UK-2h(20 000U/Kg) regimen with other UK regimens(such as UK-12h). A relative lower dosage of UK 2-h regimen with body weight adjusted may be an alternative choice for treating PTE patients in Chinese population.Considering lower cost and convenience of this regimen, the efficacy and safety between UK-2h regimen(20 000U/Kg) and ACCP-approved UK-12h regimen for treating acute PTE will be compared.The study is conducted on patients with massive PTE with shock or hypotension and/or if without shock or hypotension but with right ventricular dysfunction. The clinical efficacy, emboli dissolving efficacy and safety will be evaluated.

Interventions

  • Drug: Urokinase
    • UK,bolus 4 400 U/kg followed by intravenous 2 200 U/kg•h for 12 hours
  • Drug: Urokinase
    • UK,20 000U/kg continuously intravenous infusion for 2 hours

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

  • Active Comparator: Group 1
    • UK-12h group
  • Experimental: Group 2
    • UK-2h group

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

  • The improvement of the right ventricular function , perfusion defect score on lung V/Q scans or quantitative computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) score.
    • Time Frame: 14d

Secondary Measures

  • The incidence of major or minor bleeding, death rate, and PTE recurrence at 14d after treatment.
    • Time Frame: 14d

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

  • PTE confirmed either by a high probability ventilation-perfusion lung scanning (V/Q scan) or by CTPA. – massive PTE patients with haemodynamic instability and/or cardiogenic shock – Anatomic obstruction more than 2 lobes on CTPA and/or defect more than 7 segments on V/Q scan with evidence of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) and pulmonary hypertension on echocardiography – Symptoms within 15 days – Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients before randomization Exclusion Criteria:

  • Received parenteral heparin for more than 72 hours – Known allergic to urokinase – Thrombolytic contraindications such as: 1. active bleeding or spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage; 2. major surgery, organ biopsy or recent puncture of a non-compressible vessel less than 10 days; 3. cerebral arterial thrombosis within 2 months; 4. gastro-intestinal bleeding within 10 days; 5. major trauma within the past 15 days; 6. neurosurgery or ophthalmologic operation with 30 days; 7. uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 110 mmHg); 8. recent external cardiac resuscitation manoeuvres; 9. platelet count < 100 000/mm3 at admission; 10. pregnancy, puerperium or lactation with 2 weeks; 11. infectious pericarditis or endocarditis; 12. severe hepatic and kidney dysfunction; 13. hemorrhagic retinopathy due to diabetes; 14. a known bleeding disorder.

Gender Eligibility: All

Minimum Age: 18 Years

Maximum Age: 75 Years

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: No

Investigator Details

  • Lead Sponsor
    • Beijing Chao Yang Hospital
  • Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
    • Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Chen WANG,Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine
  • Overall Official(s)
    • Chen WANG, Prof, Principal Investigator, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine,Beijing Chao Yang Hospital

References

Pang BS, Wang C, Lu Y, Yang YH, Xing GH, Mao YL, Huang XX, Zhai ZG. [Changes of blood coagulative and fibrinolytic system and function of pulmonary vascular endothelium after therapy in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2007 Nov 20;87(43):3074-8. Chinese.

Zhu L, Yang Y, Wu Y, Zhai Z, Wang C. Value of right ventricular dysfunction for prognosis in pulmonary embolism. Int J Cardiol. 2008 Jun 23;127(1):40-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.06.093. Epub 2007 Aug 22.

Liu Y, Wang C, Yang Y, Hou X, Wang J. Pro-urokinase up-regulates the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Thromb Res. 2008;121(4):485-91. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2007.05.021. Epub 2007 Jul 20.

Zhu L, Wang C, Yang Y, Wu Y, Zhai Z, Dai H, Pang B, Tong Z. Value of transthoracic echocardiography in therapy regimens evaluation in pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2008 Dec;26(3):251-6. doi: 10.1007/s11239-007-0087-8. Epub 2007 Aug 21.

Zhu L, Yang YH, Wu YF, Zhai ZG, Wang C; National Project of the Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies for Pulmonary Thromboembolism investigators. Value of transthoracic echocardiography combined with cardiac troponin I in risk stratification in acute pulmonary thromboembolism. Chin Med J (Engl). 2007 Jan 5;120(1):17-21.

Zhai ZG, Wang C, Yang YH, Pang BS, Xiao B, Liu YM, Mao YL, Weng XZ. [Relationship between polymorphisms of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter gene and pulmonary thromboembolism in Chinese Han population]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2006 May 23;86(19):1313-7. Chinese.

Liu CP, Zhang YJ, Lu WX, Ji YQ, Zhang WH, Wang C. [The change of pulmonary surfactant associated protein A in acute pulmonary embolism]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2005 Sep;28(9):600-3. Chinese.

Ren H, Su PX, Zhang CJ, Gu S, Ma GT, Zhang H, Wang C. [Surgical treatment of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2005 Mar 15;43(6):345-7. Chinese.

Wang C, Cheng XS, Zhong NS. [Promoting the clinical and research work on pulmonary thromboembolism in China]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2004 Nov;27(11):721-2. No abstract available. Chinese.

Pang BS, Wang C, Luo Q, Zhang LM, Zhu M, Mao YL, Huang XX, Guo WJ. [Study of the function of coagulation, fibrinolysis and pulmonary vascular endothelium before and after experimental pulmonary thromboembolism in rabbits]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2004 Jun;27(6):381-4. Chinese.

Wang F, Wang C, Wang T, Pang BS, Wu YB, Yang YH, Li C, Zhang HY, Weng XZ. [Experimental study of the thrombolytic effects in a canine model of pulmonary thromboembolism induced by autologous radioactive blood clots]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2004 Feb;27(2):93-6. Chinese.

Zai ZG, Wang C. [Advances in the study of pulmonary thromboembolism]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2004 Jan;27(1):14-8. No abstract available. Chinese.

Qin ZQ, Wang C. [Comparison of thrombolysis and anticoagulation in pulmonary thromboembolism: a meta-analysis]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2003 Dec;26(12):772-5. Chinese.

Wang F, Wang C, Wang T, Pang BS, Wu YB, Yang YH, Li C, Zhang HY, Weng XZ. [A canine model of acute pulmonary thromboembolism induced by autologous radioactive blood clots]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2003 Aug;26(8):470-3. Chinese.

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