Effects of Glutamine on GLP-1 and Insulin Secretion in Man

Overview

This study investigated the effect of glutamine, an amino acid, glycemia, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and insulin in participants with type 2 diabetes.

Full Title of Study: “Study of the Effects of Glutamine on Glycemia, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Insulin Secretion in Man”

Study Type

  • Study Type: Interventional
  • Study Design
    • Allocation: Randomized
    • Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
    • Primary Purpose: Treatment
    • Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
  • Study Primary Completion Date: December 2011

Detailed Description

In this study, we investigated the effect of glutamine, an amino acid, on glycemia and on GLP-1 and insulin in participants with type 2 diabetes. Preliminary data published by our group suggests that glutamine is a strong determinant of GLP-1 secretion in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that glutamine lowers postprandial blood glucose and investigated whether the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin modifies this effect.

Interventions

  • Drug: Sitagliptin
    • Glutamine 30g +sitagliptin 100mg
  • Drug: Placebo
    • Glutamine 30g +placebo (matching sitagliptin 100 mg)

Arms, Groups and Cohorts

  • Experimental: Glutamine+Sitagliptin
    • Glutamine 30 g/d (15 g with breakfast and dinner) + Sitagliptin
  • Placebo Comparator: Glutamine+Placebo
    • Glutamine 30 g/d (15 g with breakfast and dinner) + placebo

Clinical Trial Outcome Measures

Primary Measures

  • Postprandial Glucose Area Under the Curve (AUC)
    • Time Frame: 0 to 180 minutes
    • The area under the curve (AUC) of the postprandial glucose following a meal challenge

Secondary Measures

  • Fructosamine
    • Time Frame: 4 weeks
    • The blood concentration of the glycemic control marker fructosamine

Participating in This Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

  • Type 2 diabetes, on metformin or diet alone (not sulphonylureas or insulin) Exclusion Criteria:

  • Malabsorption, renal or liver disease, treatment with steroids

Gender Eligibility: All

Minimum Age: 40 Years

Maximum Age: 70 Years

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted: No

Investigator Details

  • Lead Sponsor
    • Garvan Institute of Medical Research
  • Provider of Information About this Clinical Study
    • Principal Investigator: Dr Jerry Greenfield, Prof – Garvan Institute of Medical Research
  • Overall Official(s)
    • Jerry R Greenfield, MD, PhD, Principal Investigator, Garvan Institute of Medical Research

Citations Reporting on Results

Samocha-Bonet D, Wong O, Synnott EL, Piyaratna N, Douglas A, Gribble FM, Holst JJ, Chisholm DJ, Greenfield JR. Glutamine reduces postprandial glycemia and augments the glucagon-like peptide-1 response in type 2 diabetes patients. J Nutr. 2011 Jul;141(7):1233-8. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.139824. Epub 2011 May 18.

Samocha-Bonet D, Chisholm DJ, Holst JJ, Greenfield JR. L-glutamine and whole protein restore first-phase insulin response and increase glucagon-like peptide-1 in type 2 diabetes patients. Nutrients. 2015 Mar 24;7(4):2101-8. doi: 10.3390/nu7042101.

Samocha-Bonet D, Chisholm DJ, Gribble FM, Coster AC, Carpenter KH, Jones GR, Holst JJ, Greenfield JR. Glycemic effects and safety of L-Glutamine supplementation with or without sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes patients-a randomized study. PLoS One. 2014 Nov 20;9(11):e113366. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113366. eCollection 2014.

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